CONSUMER COUNCIL ORDINANCE

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CONSUMER COUNCIL ORDINANCE ——附加英文版

Hong Kong


 CONSUMER COUNCIL ORDINANCE
 (CHAPTER 216)
 CONTENTS
  
  ion
  I    PRELIMINARY
  hort title
  nterpretation
  II    INCORPORATION AND POWERS
  ncorporation of Consumer Council
  unctions of Council
  owers of Council
  embership of Council
  eetings of Council
  ommittees
  isclosure of member's interest
  Appointment of staff and advisers
  Documents of Council
  III    FINANCIAL
  Resources of Council
  Borrowing powers
  Investment of funds
  Estimates
  Accounts, audit and annual report
  IV    GENERAL
  Council not servant or agent of Crown
  Governor may give directions
  Protection of members of Council and committees
  Prohibition of exploitation of the Council's name for
advertisement
  oses
  Transitional provisions
  dule
 Whole document
  
  ncorporate the Consumer Council, to define its functions and 
powers,
  egative personal liability of members and employees for the 
Council's
  ts committees' acts or omissions, and for connected purposes.
  July 1977] L. N. 167 of 1977
 PART I PRELIMINARY
  
  hort title
  Ordinance may be cited as the Consumer Council Ordinance.
  nterpretation
  his Ordinance, unless the context otherwise requires--
  ncil" means the Consumer Council incorporated by section 3 (1);
  ancial year" means each period of 12 months ending with 31 March;
  ber" means a member of the Council.
 PART II INCORPORATION AND POWERS
  
  ncorporation of Consumer Council
  The Consumer Council existing at the commencement of this
Ordinance is
  by created a body corporate consisting of the persons who from
time to
  hold office as members of the Council.
  The Council shall have perpetual succession and a common 
seal and
  l be capable of suing and being sued and of doing and suffering 
all
  other acts and things as bodies corporate may lawfully do and
suffer.
  The Council shall continue to be known in the Chinese language
as.
  unctions of Council
  The functions of the Council are to protect and promote the 
interests
  onsumers of goods and services and purchasers, mortgagors and 
lessees
  mmovable property by--
  collecting, receiving and disseminating
  rmation concerning goods, services and immovable property;
  receiving and examining complaints by and giving advice to 
consumers
  oods and services and purchasers, mortgagors and lessees of 
immovable
  erty;
  taking such action as it thinks justified by information 
in its
  ession, including tendering advice to the Government or to any 
public
  cer;
  encouraging business and professional associations to
  blish codes of practice to regulate the activities of their
members;
  undertaking such other functions as the Council may adopt 
with the
  r approval of the Governor in Council.
  The Governor may be notice in writing to the Council 
declare any
  s, services or immovable property or class of goods, 
services or
  vable property to be outside the scope of the Council's 
functions
  r subsection (1).
  In subsection (1) and in section 5 (2) (c) "goods and services" 
does
  include goods and services which are--
  supplied by--
  the Government, the Urban Council or the Regional Council; or
(Amended
  f 1985 s. 60)
  a body mentioned in the Schedule; or
  made the subject of a declaration under subsection (2).
  The Governor in Council may, by order published in the Gazette, 
amend
  Schedule. (Amended 5 of 1992 s. 2)
  owers of Council
  The Council may do such things as are reasonably necessary to 
enable
  o carry out its functions.
  Without restricting the generality of subsection (1), the Council 
may
  arrying out its functions--
  acquire, hold and dispose of all kinds of property 
movable and
  vable and in any manner which it thinks fit;
  enter into any contract;
  undertake the testing and examination of goods and 
services and
  ection of immovable property; (Amended 5 of 1992s. 3)
  produce or distribute, by way of sale or otherwise, any 
publication
  h is of interest to consumers;
  do any thing which it may do under this ordinance in 
association or
  peration with any other person or sponsor any other person to do 
that
  g;
  charge for the use of any facility or service provided by the
Council;
  with the prior approval of the Governor, become a member 
of or
  liate to any international body concerned with consumer matters.
  
  embership of Council
  The Council shall consist of the following members--
  a Chairman who shall be appointed by the Governor for a 
term not
  eding 2 years;
  a Vice-Chairman who shall be appointed by the Governor for a term 
not
  eding 2 years; and (Replaced 28 of 1985 s. 2)
  not more than 20 other persons each of whom shall be appointed
by the
  rnor for a term not exceeding 2 years. (Replaced 28 of 1989 s.
2)
  The Chairman, Vice-Chairman and any other member 
appointed under
  ection (1) (c) may be reappointed upon expiry of their 
respective
  s of office. (Amended 28 of 1985 s. 2)
  The Chairman, Vice-Chairman and any other member 
appointed under
  ection (1) (c) may at any time-- (Amended 28 of 1985 s. 2)
  resign his office by notice to the Governor; or
  be removed therefrom by the Governor for permanent incapacity or
other
  icient cause, and upon such resignation or removal the term for 
which
  as appointed shall be deemed to have expired.
  Where the Chairman, Vice-Chairman or any other member appointed 
under
  ection (1) (c) is precluded by temporary incapacity or other 
cause
  exercising his functions as such for any period the 
Governor may
  int another person to act in place of the Chairman Vice-
Chairman or
  r member during such period with all such rights, powers, 
duties or
  ilities as if he had been appointed under subsection (1). (Amended 
28
  985s. 2)
  (Replaced 28 of 1985s. 2)
  Where any question arises under subsection (3) or (4) as to 
whether
  incapacity or cause exists or whether any incapacity is 
temporary or
  anent or any cause sufficient, the decision of the Governor 
thereon
  l be final.
  eetings of Council
  Meetings of the Council shall be held at such times and places
as the
  cil, the Chairman or in his absence, the Vice-Chairman may from 
time
  ime appoint.
  The following procedural provisions shall apply to
  y meeting of the Council and subject thereto the Council may 
regulate
  own procedure--
  at meetings of the Council 11 members shall form a quorum; 
(Replaced
  f 1989 s. 3. Amended 5 of 1992 s. 4)
  the Chairman or in his absence, the Vice-Chairman shall preside
or, if
  are absent or disqualified under section 9 (c), the members 
present
  l appoint one of their number to preside;
  every question shall be determined by a majority of votes 
of the
  ers present and voting thereon;
  in the event of an equality of votes the member presiding shall
have a
  ing vote in addition to his ordinary vote.
  nded 28 of 1985 s. 3)
  
  ommittees
  The Council may appoint committees and may delegate to 
them the
  cise and performance of any of its powers and functions except 
this
  r of delegation.
  Persons who are not members of the Council are
  ible for appointment to committees.
  Subject to the terms of any delegation by the 
Council, every
  ittee--
  may exercise and perform the delegated powers and functions
  the same effect as if it were the Council itself;
  shall be presumed to be acting in accordance with the terms of 
the
  gation in the absence of proof to the contrary;
  may regulate its own procedure.
  isclosure of member's interest
  member of the Council, or of any committee of the Council, 
has a
  ct or indirect commercial interest in any matter under discussion
at a
  ing of the Council or of the committee, being an interest greater
than
  which he has as a member of the general public, the 
following
  isions shall apply--
  he shall disclose the nature of his interest at the meeting;
  the disclosure shall be recorded in the minutes;
  where the disclosure is made by the member presiding, he shall 
vacate
  chair during the discussion;
  the member (including one who has vacated the chair under
paragraph
  shall, if so required by the member presiding, withdraw 
from the
  ing during the discussion and shall not in any case, 
except as
  rwise determined by the member presiding, vote on any 
resolution
  erning the matter or be counted for the purpose of establishing 
the
  tence of a quorum.
  Appointment of staff and advisers
  Subject to subsection (4), the Council shall appoint a person to 
hold
  office of Chief Executive. (Amended 28 of 1985 s. 4)
  The Council may appoint such other employees as it thinks 
fit and
  ect to subsection (4), determine all matters relating 
to their
  neratior and terms and conditions of appointment or employment.
  The Council may engage the services of technical and 
professional
  sers in such manner and on such terms and conditions as it thinks
fit.
  The Council shall obtain the prior approval of the Governor to--
  any appointment proposed to be made under subsection (1) and the
terms
  conditions thereof;
  the suspension or dismissal of the Chief Executive;
  the salary or salary scale (including allowances and other 
pecuniary
  fits) and conditions of employment applicable to the Chief 
Executive
  every other employee or class employee, and any variation
thereof.
  nded 28 of 1985 s. 4)
  No person shall be employed by the Council otherwise than on the
salar
  alary scale or on the conditions of employment applicable to that
pers
  oved by the Governor under subsection (4).
  
  Documents of Council
  The Council may make and execute all such documents as may 
expedient
  or conducive to the exercise and performance of its power 
functions
  duties.
  The fixing of the seal of the Council to any document
  l--
  be authorized by resolution of the Council; and
  be authenticated by the signatures of any 2 members 
authorize by
  lution of the Council, either generally or specially, to ao for 
that
  ose.
  Any document purporting to be duly executed under the seal 
of the
  cil shall, unless the contrary is proved, be considered to be 
duly
  uted.
  Any contract or instrument which if entered into or executed 
by a
  on not being a body corporate would not be required to be in the 
form
  deed may be entered into or executed on behalf of the Council by 
any
  on generally or specially authorized by the Council for that 
purpose.
 PART III FINANCIAL
  
  Resources of Council
  The Governor may, out of money appropriated for the purpose 
by the
  slative Council, authorize payment to the Consumer Council 
of such
  nts as he thinks fit.
  The resources of the Council shall consist
  
  all money received by the Council pursuant to subsection (1);
  money paid to the Council by way of donations, fees, 
subscriptions,
  and interest;
  all other money and property, including accumulations of 
income,
  ived by the Council for its purposes.
  Borrowing powers
  Council may, with the approval of the Financial Secretary, 
borrow or
  rwise raise money and charge all or any part of its 
property as
  rity therefor.
  Investment of funds
  money of the Council that is not immediately required 
shall be
  sted--
  on fixed deposit in any bank or savings bank approved by the
  ncial Secretary, either generally or in any particular case, for 
the
  ose; or
  in such other forms of investment as the Financial 
Secretary may
  ove.
  Estimates
  Council shall in each financial year adopt estimates of 
income and
  nditure for the ensuing financial year and, before a date 
to be
  inted by the Financial Secretary, send them to the Governor for 
his
  oval together with a programme of its proposed activities 
for the
  ing financial year.
  
  Accounts, audit and annual report
  The Council shall keep proper accounts and proper records in 
relation
  eto and shall within 3 months after the expiry of a financial year,
or
  further period as the Financial Secretary may allow, 
prepare a
  ement of the accounts of the Council, which statement shall
include an
  me and expenditure account and a balance sheet.
  The Council
  l, subject to subsection (3), appoint an auditor, who 
shall be
  tled to have access at any time to all books of account, vouchers 
and
  r financial records of the Council and to require such information
and
  anations relating thereto as he thinks fit.
  The Council shall obtain the prior approval of the Financial
Secretary
  ny appointment proposed to be made under subsection (2).
  The auditor shall, as soon as is practicable, audit the 
accounts
  ired by subsection (1) and shall submit a report thereon 
to the
  cil.
  The Council shall within 3 months after the receipt by it 
of the
  tor's report in respect of its accounts for a financial 
year, or
  in such further period as the Financial Secretary may allow,
furnish--
  a report on the affairs of the Council for that year;
  a copy of its accounts therefor; and
  the auditor's report on the accounts, to the Governor who shall 
cause
  same to be tabled in the Legislative Council.
 PART IV GENERAL
  
  Council not servant or agent of Crown
  Council is not a servant or agent of the Crown and does not enjoy 
any
  us, immunity or privilege of the Crown.
  Governor may give directions
  The Governor may, if he considers that the public 
interest so
  ires, give to the Council such directions as he thinks 
fit with
  ect to the exercise and performance by the Council of its 
powers,
  tions and duties under this Ordinance, either generally or 
in any
  icular case.
  The Council shall comply with any direction given to 
it under
  ection (1).
  Protection of members of Council and committees
  No member or employee of the Council or of any committee 
of the
  cil shall be personally liable for any act done or default made--
  by the Council; or
  by any committee of the Council, acting in good faith in the course
of
  operations of the Council or of the committee.
  The protection hereby conferred on members and employees 
of the
  cil or of a committee in respect of any act or default shall not 
in
  way affect any liability of the Council for that act or default.
  
  Prohibition of exploitation of the Council's name for 
advertisement
  oses
  No person shall, with a view to promoting or disparaging any
  s, services or immovable property or promoting the image 
of any
  on, publish or cause to be published any advertisement which 
either
  essly or by implication makes reference to--
  the Council;
  any committee, member, agent or employee of the Council;
  the Council's publication or finding of tests or surveys
conducted by
  n behalf of the Council; or
  any other information published by the Council, without 
written
  ent of the Council.
  Any person who contravenes subsection (1) commits an offence 
and is
  le to a fine of $ 100,000.
  For the purpose of subsection (1) "advertisement" may be 
constituted
  ny words, whether written or spoken, or any picture, drawing, 
visual
  e, figure or article--
  appearing in any publication; or
  brought to the notice of the public or any section of the public 
in
  other way. (Replaced 5 of 1992 s. 5)
  Transitional provisions
  All property of whatever kind and whether movable or immovable 
vested
  r belonging to the Consumer Council existing at the 
commencement of
  Ordinance shall as from that date vest in or belong to that 
Council
  ts corporate capacity without any further assurance.
  All obligations and liabilities of the said Consumer Council 
are as
  the commencement of this Ordinance the obligations and
liabilities of
  Council in its corporate capacity.
  Where anything has been commenced by or under the authority 
of the
  Consumer Council before the commencement of this Ordinance such
thing
  be carried on any completed by the Council in its corporate
capacity.
  Every person who immediately before the commencement of this
Ordinance
  s an appointment as Chairman, Executive Director or a member of 
the
  Consumer Council is, as from such commencement but subject to 
the
  s of his appointment, the Chairman, Executive Director, or a
member of
  Council, as the case may be, for the purposes of this Ordinance.
  Notwithstanding the definition of "financial year" in section 
2 the
  od between the commencement of this Ordinance and 31 March 1978 
shall
  eemed to be a financial year.
  No stamp duty shall be payable in respect of any transfer of 
property
  r this section.
 SCHEDULE
  
  Television Limited
  a Light and Power Company, Limited
  a Motor Bus Company, Limited
  Cross-Harbour Tunnel Company, Limited
  Marketing Organization
  Kong Air Cargo Terminals Limited
  Hong Kong and Yaumati Ferry Company Limited

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国家烟草专卖局关于自动售烟机有关问题的通知

国家烟草专卖局


国烟法〔2001〕431号



国家烟草专卖局关于自动售烟机有关问题的通知




各省、自治区、直辖市及大连、深圳市烟草专卖局(公司):
为了更有效地贯彻《中华人民共和国烟草专卖法》关于“禁止中小学生吸烟”的规定,切实保护青少年的合法权益,保障未成年人的身心健康,特通知如下:
一、禁止各级烟草公司设置自动售烟机。
二、对通过自动售货机经营卷烟零售业务的单位或个人,各级烟草专卖局不得发放烟草专卖零售许可证。
三、已设置自动售烟机的烟草公司要撤回设置的自动售烟机;已给通过自动售货机经营卷烟零售业务的单位或个人发放烟草专卖零售许可证的烟草专卖局,要收回许可证。
四、各级烟草专卖局要加强对卷烟零售商户的监督管理,采取切实措施防止未成年人尤其是中小学生购买卷烟、雪茄烟。







                                 国家烟草专卖局
                             二○○一年七月三十一日




韩国修订刑法,有期徒刑刑期最长可达50年

杜相希


  韩国司法界近来对司法制度和法律进行了系列改革和修订调整。制定了一系列包括扩大强奸犯罪等佩带“电子手铐”适用范围,佩带“电子手铐”时间由10年延长至30年并溯及适用,修订刑法提高性暴力杀人等凶恶(严重暴力)犯罪有期徒刑最长可达50年等规定。
  其中,2010年2月24日的金吉泰(音)涉嫌强奸杀害13岁李姓少女事件更是直接推动了刑法有关“延长性暴力杀人等凶恶(严重暴力)犯罪自由刑”等法案的修订和通过。但同时韩国学界也对此表示担忧。
  韩国在加大了强奸、杀人等严重暴力犯罪惩罚力度的同时,并着手进一步推动“通奸罪”的废除进程。韩国法务部下属刑事法修订特别委员会2010年3月18日称就废除《刑法》241条“通奸罪”达成决议。韩法务部称该刑法修订案确定为政府法案后,经过听证会和立法预告程序后,计划于2010年底提交国会表决。
  此外,韩国大法院量刑委员会于2010年5月24日举行会议,计划对包括前述内容的量刑标准修订方案进行讨论,正式着手量刑标准修订工作。量刑委员会计划提出儿童性犯罪量刑标准修订案等,其中儿童性犯罪量刑标准修订案将规定“未满13岁强奸伤害/致伤的基本刑由现在的6-9年徒刑提高至9-13年。”韩国的《性暴力犯罪处罚法》已于2010年5月15日起实施。此次量刑标准的修订是对该法有关对未满13岁强奸罪的法定刑由原来的7年提高至10年的具体反映。量刑标准修订方案还将对修订刑法中“有期徒刑上限从现行的15年增加至30年,加重处罚的调整为25年至50年”的相关内容进行讨论修订。

  2010年3月31日,韩国会通过了刑法修正案、电子手铐溯及适用、性暴力犯罪关联法等6件法案。其中刑法修正案修订内容最为引人关注。强奸杀人等凶恶(严重暴力)犯罪的有期徒刑上限最长可达50年,有主张认为韩国社会“重刑主义倾向”抬头并对此表示担忧。

一、韩国刑法修正案主要内容

  刑法修订案的主要内容:一是有期徒刑上限从现行的15年增加至30年,加重处罚的调整为25年至50年;二是提高了死刑和无期徒刑及假释要件。刑法修正案并提高了死刑和无期徒刑及假释要件。死刑减刑时,从现行“减为无期徒刑或10年以上15年以下徒刑”调整为“减为无期徒刑或20年以上50年以下徒刑”。无期徒刑的假释条件也由现行的10年提高为20年。
  此前,2009年9月韩国刑事法学会和刑事政策学会组成的刑法修订研究会发表的刑法修订草案和法务部提出的“自由刑上限为20年,加重时为30年”的法案,与此相比新的刑法修订案则各提高了10年和20年。

二、韩国学界对刑法修正案的评析

  韩国首尔大学李相原(音)教授表示现行有期徒刑上限的确不高,但提高2倍以上则是有些过于激进的变化,并认为未经过充分讨论而得来的30年和50年是没有适当证据的数据。
  韩国高丽大学河太薰教授主张“教化或教导所应加强教养,单纯地使犯罪者关押更长时间并不能解决问题”。“忽视对犯罪者再社会化改造而盲目寄希望于威慑作用是不可取的”。河太薰教授同时认为,国会是在凶恶(严重暴力)犯罪的社会舆论压力下,在学者甚至未能发表适当意见的情况下,未经学术界讨论就直接通过该法案。
  而同为大陆法系的德国自由刑上限为15年;日本有期徒刑上限为20年,加重处罚时上限为30年;澳大利亚和中国的有期徒刑规定为20年;波兰和葡萄牙的有期徒刑规定为25年;法国、意大利和罗马尼亚、越南为30年;塞尔维亚规定为40年。韩国规定为30年和50年,与国外相比韩国有期徒刑上限设定较高。韩国学界由此表示担忧。
  此外,性暴力犯罪处理特别法案 规定,因饮酒或药物等身心障碍状态下实施性暴力犯罪的不适用于刑法上减轻情形。在身心障碍情表犯罪而又必须减轻处罚的适用“必要减轻”情形并由依据法官自己的判断予以适用。
  对未成年人的性暴力犯罪起诉时效自受害未成年人满20岁成年之日起算。犯罪嫌疑人逃亡时,如果有DNA等确切证据的,起诉时效也延长10年。

(编译于2010年5月24日)